Music for Voices

Vocal range (pitch order):

• Treble voice - boys unbroken voice

• Soprano - highest female voice

• Mezzo Soprano - medium vocal range

• Contralto (alto) -  lowest female voice

• Counter-tenor - high male voice

• Tenor - medium to high range for male voice

• Baritone - medium to low male voice

• Bass - lowest male voice

Types of solo songs:

Lied (plural is "lieder") German songs, singing poetry accompanied by piano. Like a duet between piano and vocalist.

Aria is a solo song that is part of a larger piece, either and opera or an oratorio 

Opera is a play that is sung

Oratorio is a large scale piece (orchestra, choir and instruments) based on a sacred subject, unlike opera it's strictly a musical piece

concerto

concerto's were where an orchestra played to accompany instrument parts that played the main tune, sometimes a group of soloists.
Classical concerto included a lot of woodwind instruments, concerto's were written for instruments like the flute, where the flute would lead the piece with an orchestra accompanying.
This is a concerto written for the flute, by Mozart

A cocnerto from the